Frequency Division Multiplexing
Definition
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) is a technique where multiple signals are combined for transmission over a single communication channel by assigning each signal a different carrier frequency.
Detailed Explanation
Working Principle
- Divides available bandwidth into separate frequency bands
- Each signal modulated with different carrier frequency
- Signals transmitted simultaneously
- Guard bands prevent interference
Implementation Process
-
Signal Separation
- Each input signal assigned unique frequency band
- Guard bands added between channels
- Bandwidth divided into non-overlapping ranges
-
Modulation
- Each signal modulated with unique carrier frequency
- Maintains signal integrity
- Prevents cross-talk
Applications
- FM radio broadcasting
- Cable television
- Satellite communications
- Traditional telephone systems
Advantages & Limitations
Advantages:
- Continuous transmission
- No synchronization needed
- Simple implementation
- No buffering required
Limitations:
- Bandwidth inefficiency
- Crosstalk possible
- Limited number of channels
- Guard bands waste bandwidth